UK bracing for big spike in unemployment

The United Kingdom has kept a lid on its unemployment rate so far during the coronavirus pandemic but, scratch beneath the surface, there are worrying trends that will likely see the jobless total soaring by the end of the year.

As department store Debenhams announced another 2,500 job losses on Tuesday, official figures showed that the number of people in paid employment in the April-June quarter fell by the most since the global financial crisis more than a decade go.

That didn’t lead to an automatic increase in the unemployment rate, which held steady at a historically low 3.9 per cent as workers need to be actively looking for a job to be counted as jobless. But as a key government salary-support package is being phased out, there are concerns that the number of people officially labelled as unemployed could at least double towards the three-million mark last struck in the 1980s.

“Some parts of the economy are undoubtedly showing great resilience but clearly, there are going to be bumpy months ahead and a long, long way to go,” Prime Minister Boris Johnson said.

The stable jobless rate is largely due to a government salary-support scheme that will end in October, a cliff-edge moment that many economists think will lead to an almost immediate doubling in unemployment.

Under the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme, the government has been paying a large chunk of the salaries of workers retained rather than fired. Some 1.2 million employers have taken advantage of the programme during the lockdown to furlough 9.6 million people at a cost to the government of £33.8 billion (US$44 billion).

The government has started phasing out the furlough programme, with firms now having to cover some of the costs of the plan. The government has said it will end the programme in October on the grounds it gives “false hope” to furloughed workers, while at the same time limiting their prospects of getting new jobs as their skills fade.

While admitting that not every job can be saved, Treasury chief Rishi Sunak said Tuesday’s figures show the support measures have helped to “safeguard millions of jobs and livelihoods that could otherwise have been lost”.

The big question is, how many of those furloughed workers are being kept on as lockdown restrictions across sectors, including retail and hospitality, have been eased, and how many will be kept on the payroll after the October cut-off date? It’s a tough call for firms facing a historic cash crunch following one of the deepest economic slumps ever recorded in the UK.

“A wide range of indicators suggest that job losses will crystallise from August, when employers must start to cover some of the costs of furloughed staff,” said Samuel Tombs, chief UK economist at Pantheon Macroeconomics.

In a sign of the weakness of the UK’s labour market, employment fell in the April to June quarter by 220,000, its biggest three-month decline since the 2009 recession. Figures due for release on Wednesday are set to show the economy contracted by nearly 25 per cent in the second quarter of the year from the previous three-month period.

The statistics agency also reported that the number of people on payroll in the UK fell 81,000 in July to 28.27 million. The number of people coming off the payroll since March is now 730,000, with the fall in employment greatest among younger and older workers.

The number of firms cutting jobs has accelerated in the past month or two with big companies like British Airways and Rolls Royce announcing big lay-offs, in addition to Tuesday’s news from Debenhams.

Unions are urging the government to at least extend the furlough scheme to sectors still suffering from lockdown restrictions.

“The alarm bells couldn’t be ringing any louder,” said Frances O’Grady, general secretary of the Trades Union Congress.

AP